SQL Server 分区表处理海量数据

SQL Server 分区表处理海量数据

2024-12-28 09:04

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它所带来的新特性，如T-SQL的增强、数据分区、服务代理和与.Net Framework的集成等，在易管理性、可用性、可伸缩性和安全性等方面都有很大的增强。

表分区分为水平分区和垂直分区。水平分区将表分为多个表。每个表包含的列数相同，但是行更少。例如，可以将一个包含十亿行的表水平分区成 12 个表，每个小表表示特定年份内一个月的数据。任何需要特定月份数据的查询只需引用相应月份的表。而垂直分区则是将原始表分成多个只包含较少列的表。水平分区是最常用分区方式，本文以水平分区来介绍具体实现方法。

水平分区常用的方法是根据时期和使用对数据进行水平分区。例如本文例子，一个短信发送记录表包含最近一年的数据，但是只定期访问本季度的数据。在这种情况下，可考虑将数据分成四个区，每个区只包含一个季度的数据。